i DO like the sound of a UL amp--i like the harmonics it generates, and i like the way it's halfway between triode and pentode operation. it's got good output power, almost as good as pentode ops for a given voltage, and low enough output Z so that you can run it open loop. dan, i was inside a fender 140 the other day, and it seemed pretty open to modifications. i would remove the NFB and add some low Z grid drivers, be they tubes or SS. once you get to that point the amp just seems to keep going and going like the goddamned energizer bunny... there's always a little bit more balls you can squeeze out of the thing by slapping the strings harder. i like that illusion of infinite headroom. even if you just turn it into a clean machine, you can always use it as both a bass amp and a guitar power amp, simply plugging in a high gain preamp/stomp box if you so desire. the great thing about using some kind of follower grid drive is that the actual phase splitter can be whatever you want, and you don't have to pay much attention to how well it can drive things. for example, you can use a concertina to great effect here (just keep in mind its limited output swing), or a plain old ax7 as a differential stage (i.e. schmitt). the grids/gates of the followers present a very easy load for the voltage amplification/phase splitting stage. also, i have never found a bias circuit that was as rock solid steady as a direct coupled follower. you set it once, and it stays there. the output tubes like this kind of treatment. as far as your suggestions, i would say first try opening the loop. hear what it sounds like. particularly at lower than cranked signals the sound will not change if you go to follower grid drive, so it will give you some idea of the sound of a UL output stage with a minimum of effort. after that, if you determine you like it, considering donating a tube socket for a duo-triode cathode follower, or perhaps just finding some space for two mosfet source followers. you'll need a negative voltage rail, the more negative the better. if the PT is a center tapped full wave then you can easily add a couple of reversed diodes and generate a negative rail. if not you may need to add another tranny, which is certain to work well. the negative rail should be of decently low impedance itself since a few ma's of current WILL flow through it. you might have trouble using a capacitive divider off the main B+ winding, for example. kg